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article&determiners
Articles / Noun Markers / Determiners
For the non-English speakers, articles may represent a real challenge, as there is not a rule to cover every possible usage.
To this adds the fact that in those speakers’ native language there is no article, therefore they will have to learn the concept and apply it intuitively, at least in the initial phase of their learning process. The mastering of articles comes with time and reading, writing, and speaking can help the English language learner tremendously.
The primary articles in English are “a,” “an,” and “the.” They function as adjectives and have special rules dictating their use.
1. The is a “definite” article, modifying a particular person, animal, place, or thing.
2. A and an are used before words that indicate a more general item in a category. A is used when the noun following it starts with a consonant sound. The long sound of u and the pronounced h are considered consonant sounds. (ex: a university, a hat) An is used when the following word begins with a vowel sound. The silent h and short u are considered vowel sounds. (ex. an uncle, an hour, an elf)
Compare the following examples:
Please hand me the paper. a certain paper
Please give me a paper any paper
Hand me an encyclopedia any of them
Articles show whether the person, place, thing, animal, or idea is definite or indefinite; it also shows how many:
1. We saw a teacher and writer. [one person]
2. We saw a teacher and a writer. [two persons]
Use the definite article “the”:
· With the names of certain countries, geographical locations, and plural mountains, lakes, and islands: the Far East, the United Kingdom, the Nile River, the Rocky Mountains.
Proper nouns either use no article, or “the.”
Incorrect: He went on a safari in the Africa.
Correct: He lives in the United States.
· With countable nouns: a/the book, a/the child, a/the desk, the children.
· To show that something or someone has already been spoken or written about or is known to the speaker or hearer.
This is the paper you asked me to revise.
Please give me the ticket.
· To show that something or someone is only one of its kind.
The moon will rise late tonight.
· To refer to parts of the body, parts of houses, and parts of machines.
We were gathered in the living room.
· To refer to all those of a stated kind.
All the children liked the performance.
· To refer to a species of animal or plant.
The lion is a feline.
· To show the relation between two things.
His car gets 30 miles to the gallon.
· To show the relation between amounts of things (comparative adjectives)
The sooner you come, the better.
· To compare using superlatives.
This is the best Writing Center I have ever seen.
Use the indefinite articles “a” or “an”:
· To refer to any one of a number of possible things.
He needs a pencil.
· To refer to one part of a larger quantity.
May I have a cup of coffee?
· To specify information associated with each item of a grouping.
The pens cost $2 a piece.
· With someone’s name you have not met before.
A Mr. Stone asked to see you.
· To introduce a noun to the reader for the first time.
They heard a loud noise. The noise was coming from the basement.
Do not use the article with noncount nouns.
Noncount nouns do not form plurals and name things which cannot be counted directly:
· Groups of items: equipment, furniture, homework.
· Substances without a fixed shape: air, blood, coffee.
· Abstractions: advice, information, knowledge.
· Recreation: baseball, football, tennis.
· Fields of study: biology, history, economics.
· General activities in gerund (-ing) form: driving, writing, traveling.
· Natural phenomena: darkness, fog, sunshine.
contoh soal
Determiners
1. He doesn’t have (many / much) money.
2. I would like (a few / a little) salt on my vegetables.
3. She bought (that / those) cards last night.
4. There are (less / fewer) students in this room than in the next room
5. There is (too much / too many) bad news on television tonight.
6. I do not want (these / this) water
7. This is (too many / too much) information.
8. A (few / little) people left early.
9. Would you like (less / fewer) coffee than this?
10. This jacket costs (too much / too many)
Other
Exercise
1. This pen isn’t working please give me another (singular).
2. If you’re still thirsty, I’ll make the other pot of coffee.
3. This dictionary has a page missing. Please give me the other (the last one).
4. The doesn’t need those books, he needs the other one (all the remaining).
5. These are thirty people in the room. Twenty are from latin America and the other are from other countries.
6. Six people were in the store two were buying meat the other was looking at magazines.
7. This glass of the milk is sour. Another glass of milk is sour too.
8. The army was practicing its drills one group was doing artillery practice other was marching. Another was at attention and the other was practicing combat tactics.
9. There are seven students from japan other are from iron and the other are from other places.
10. We looked at four cars today. The first two were far too expensive, but the other ones were reasonably priced.
Notes :
Another and other are nonspecific while the other is specific. If the subject is understand, one can omit the noun and keep the deteruiner and other. So that other functions as a pronoun. If it is a plural, count noun that is omitted, other becomes others. The work other can never be plural if it is followed by a noun.
Articles
1. Jason’s father bought him the bicycle that he had wanted for this birthday.
2. the statue of liberty was a gift friendship room ….. france to ….. united states.
3. Rita is studying ….. English and ….. math this semester.
4. the judge asked the witness to fell the thurt.
5. Please give me a cup of …. coffee with ….. cream and ….. sugar.
6. the big books on the table are for my history class.
7. No one in ….. Spanish class knew the correct answer to ….. Mrs. Perez’s question.
8. My ….. car is four years old and it still runs well.
9. When you go to the store, please buy a bottle of ….. chocolate milk and a dozen oranges.
10. These are only a few seats left for ….. tonight;s musical at the university.
11. John and Marcy went to ….. school yesterday and then studied in the library before returning home.
12. ….. lake Erie is one of the five great lakes in ….. north America.
13. On our trip to ….. spain, we crossed the atlantic ocean.
14. ….. mount rushmore is the site of a magnificent tribute to the four great American presidents.
15. What did you eat for ….. breakfast this morning?
16. Lovie played the basketball and the baseball at the boy;s club this year.
17. Rita plays ….. violin and her sister plays ….. guitar.
18. While we were in ….. Alaska, we saw the Eskimo village.
19. Phil can’t go to the movies tonight because he has to write the essay.
20. David atterded ….. Princeton university.
21. Harry has been admitted to the school of medicine at ….. Midwestern university.
22. Mel’s grandmother s in the hospital, so we went to visit her ….. last night.
23. a political science class is tating a trip to ….. soviet union in the spring.
24. the queen Elizabeth II is a monarch of the great Britain.
25. the declaration of independence was drawn up in 1776.
26. Scientists hope to send an expedition to ….. mars during …. 1980.
27. Last night there was a bird singing outside my house.
28. the chair that you are sitting in is broken.
29. the civil war was tought in ….. united states between 1861 and 1865.
30. ….. florida state university is smaller than the university of florida.
Articles / Noun Markers / Determiners
For the non-English speakers, articles may represent a real challenge, as there is not a rule to cover every possible usage.
To this adds the fact that in those speakers’ native language there is no article, therefore they will have to learn the concept and apply it intuitively, at least in the initial phase of their learning process. The mastering of articles comes with time and reading, writing, and speaking can help the English language learner tremendously.
The primary articles in English are “a,” “an,” and “the.” They function as adjectives and have special rules dictating their use.
1. The is a “definite” article, modifying a particular person, animal, place, or thing.
2. A and an are used before words that indicate a more general item in a category. A is used when the noun following it starts with a consonant sound. The long sound of u and the pronounced h are considered consonant sounds. (ex: a university, a hat) An is used when the following word begins with a vowel sound. The silent h and short u are considered vowel sounds. (ex. an uncle, an hour, an elf)
Compare the following examples:
Please hand me the paper. a certain paper
Please give me a paper any paper
Hand me an encyclopedia any of them
Articles show whether the person, place, thing, animal, or idea is definite or indefinite; it also shows how many:
1. We saw a teacher and writer. [one person]
2. We saw a teacher and a writer. [two persons]
Use the definite article “the”:
· With the names of certain countries, geographical locations, and plural mountains, lakes, and islands: the Far East, the United Kingdom, the Nile River, the Rocky Mountains.
Proper nouns either use no article, or “the.”
Incorrect: He went on a safari in the Africa.
Correct: He lives in the United States.
· With countable nouns: a/the book, a/the child, a/the desk, the children.
· To show that something or someone has already been spoken or written about or is known to the speaker or hearer.
This is the paper you asked me to revise.
Please give me the ticket.
· To show that something or someone is only one of its kind.
The moon will rise late tonight.
· To refer to parts of the body, parts of houses, and parts of machines.
We were gathered in the living room.
· To refer to all those of a stated kind.
All the children liked the performance.
· To refer to a species of animal or plant.
The lion is a feline.
· To show the relation between two things.
His car gets 30 miles to the gallon.
· To show the relation between amounts of things (comparative adjectives)
The sooner you come, the better.
· To compare using superlatives.
This is the best Writing Center I have ever seen.
Use the indefinite articles “a” or “an”:
· To refer to any one of a number of possible things.
He needs a pencil.
· To refer to one part of a larger quantity.
May I have a cup of coffee?
· To specify information associated with each item of a grouping.
The pens cost $2 a piece.
· With someone’s name you have not met before.
A Mr. Stone asked to see you.
· To introduce a noun to the reader for the first time.
They heard a loud noise. The noise was coming from the basement.
Do not use the article with noncount nouns.
Noncount nouns do not form plurals and name things which cannot be counted directly:
· Groups of items: equipment, furniture, homework.
· Substances without a fixed shape: air, blood, coffee.
· Abstractions: advice, information, knowledge.
· Recreation: baseball, football, tennis.
· Fields of study: biology, history, economics.
· General activities in gerund (-ing) form: driving, writing, traveling.
· Natural phenomena: darkness, fog, sunshine.
contoh soal
Determiners
1. He doesn’t have (many / much) money.
2. I would like (a few / a little) salt on my vegetables.
3. She bought (that / those) cards last night.
4. There are (less / fewer) students in this room than in the next room
5. There is (too much / too many) bad news on television tonight.
6. I do not want (these / this) water
7. This is (too many / too much) information.
8. A (few / little) people left early.
9. Would you like (less / fewer) coffee than this?
10. This jacket costs (too much / too many)
Other
Exercise
1. This pen isn’t working please give me another (singular).
2. If you’re still thirsty, I’ll make the other pot of coffee.
3. This dictionary has a page missing. Please give me the other (the last one).
4. The doesn’t need those books, he needs the other one (all the remaining).
5. These are thirty people in the room. Twenty are from latin America and the other are from other countries.
6. Six people were in the store two were buying meat the other was looking at magazines.
7. This glass of the milk is sour. Another glass of milk is sour too.
8. The army was practicing its drills one group was doing artillery practice other was marching. Another was at attention and the other was practicing combat tactics.
9. There are seven students from japan other are from iron and the other are from other places.
10. We looked at four cars today. The first two were far too expensive, but the other ones were reasonably priced.
Notes :
Another and other are nonspecific while the other is specific. If the subject is understand, one can omit the noun and keep the deteruiner and other. So that other functions as a pronoun. If it is a plural, count noun that is omitted, other becomes others. The work other can never be plural if it is followed by a noun.
Articles
1. Jason’s father bought him the bicycle that he had wanted for this birthday.
2. the statue of liberty was a gift friendship room ….. france to ….. united states.
3. Rita is studying ….. English and ….. math this semester.
4. the judge asked the witness to fell the thurt.
5. Please give me a cup of …. coffee with ….. cream and ….. sugar.
6. the big books on the table are for my history class.
7. No one in ….. Spanish class knew the correct answer to ….. Mrs. Perez’s question.
8. My ….. car is four years old and it still runs well.
9. When you go to the store, please buy a bottle of ….. chocolate milk and a dozen oranges.
10. These are only a few seats left for ….. tonight;s musical at the university.
11. John and Marcy went to ….. school yesterday and then studied in the library before returning home.
12. ….. lake Erie is one of the five great lakes in ….. north America.
13. On our trip to ….. spain, we crossed the atlantic ocean.
14. ….. mount rushmore is the site of a magnificent tribute to the four great American presidents.
15. What did you eat for ….. breakfast this morning?
16. Lovie played the basketball and the baseball at the boy;s club this year.
17. Rita plays ….. violin and her sister plays ….. guitar.
18. While we were in ….. Alaska, we saw the Eskimo village.
19. Phil can’t go to the movies tonight because he has to write the essay.
20. David atterded ….. Princeton university.
21. Harry has been admitted to the school of medicine at ….. Midwestern university.
22. Mel’s grandmother s in the hospital, so we went to visit her ….. last night.
23. a political science class is tating a trip to ….. soviet union in the spring.
24. the queen Elizabeth II is a monarch of the great Britain.
25. the declaration of independence was drawn up in 1776.
26. Scientists hope to send an expedition to ….. mars during …. 1980.
27. Last night there was a bird singing outside my house.
28. the chair that you are sitting in is broken.
29. the civil war was tought in ….. united states between 1861 and 1865.
30. ….. florida state university is smaller than the university of florida.
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